Mathematics KS2

National Curriculum Requirements

In Key Stage Two, Barnabas Oley pupils are taught to:

Number

use place value in whole numbers up to 1 000 000 to compare and order numbers and are beginning to become confident with numbers up to 10 000 000
round any whole number to the nearest power of ten
use negative numbers in practical contexts such as temperature and calculate intervals across zero
count forwards or backwards in steps of any whole number with one significant figure, e.g. 9, 20, 3000 to generate, describe and complete linear number sequences
recognise and use multiples, factors, prime numbers less than 20 and square numbers up to 121 show evidence of using mental methods, including jottings where necessary to speed up the process, to add and subtract whole numbers with up to two significant figures (e.g. 95 + 36, 5700 − 2900)
add and subtract whole numbers with more than four digits, using formal written methods where appropriate
Use their understanding of place value to multiply and divide whole numbers and decimals with up to two decimal places by 10 or 100 (e.g. 1532 ÷100 = , XX ÷100 = 6.3)
Multiply and divide whole numbers mentally drawing upon multiplication facts up to 12 ×12 and place value (e.g. 60 ×70) and begin to use these facts to work with larger numbers
Multiply numbers with up to two digits by a two digit number using a formal written method and becoming more confident with multiplication with larger numbers; multiply and divide numbers with up to four digits by a single digit number using the formal written method and becoming more confident with two digit divisors
Recognise and use equivalent fractions
Recognise and use the equivalences between simple fractions, decimals and percentages and become more confident with calculating decimal fraction equivalents
Find simple fractions and percentages of whole numbers and quantities
Add and subtract fractions with the same denominator, using mixed numbers where appropriate for the context
Add and subtract fractions with the same denominator and multiples of the same number and become more confident with more complex fraction calculations
Add and subtract decimal numbers that have the same number of decimal places
Multiply a one digit decimal number by a single digit number
Use simple ratio to compare quantities
Use simple formulae expressed in words (e.g. time needed to cook a chicken: allow 20 minutes plus 40 minutes per kilogram)
Find possible values in missing number problems involving one or two unknowns (e.g. Ben thinks of two numbers: the sum of the two numbers is 10: multiplied together they make 24: What are Ben’s numbers?)

Measurement

Read, write and convert time between analogue (including clock faces using Roman numerals) and digital 12 and 24 hour clocks, using am and pm where necessary
Calculate the duration of an event using appropriate units of time (e.g. A film starts at 6:45pm and finishes at 8:05pm. How long did it last?)
Convert between ‘adjacent’ metric units of measure for length, capacity and mass (e.g. 1.2 kg = 1200 g; how many 200 ml cups can be filled from a 2 litre bottle?; write 605 cm in metres)
Find the perimeter of compound shapes when all side lengths are known or can be easily determined (e.g. a simple shape made from two identical rectangles joined together to make an L-shape with given dimensions of the rectangle)
Estimate the area of irregular shapes by counting squares (including half squares and fractions of squares that join with others to make whole squares)
Calculate and compare the area of squares and rectangles including using standard units, square centimetres (cm2) and square metres (m2) and estimate the area of irregular shapes by counting squares

Geometry

Compare and classify 3D and 2D shapes based on their properties (e.g. for 2–D shapes: parallel sides, length of sides, type and size of angles, reflective symmetry, regular / irregular polygons; for 3–D shapes: faces, vertices and edges)
Recognise, describe simple 3D shapes, including using nets and other 2D representations
Complete simple shapes using given lengths, such as 7.5cm, (accurate to +/ −2 mm) and acute angles that are multiples of 5°(accurate to +/-2°)
Know and use the facts that angles at a point sum to 360°, angles at a point on a straight line sum to 180°and angles in a triangle sum to 180°(e.g. calculate the base angles of an isosceles triangle where the other angle is 110°) and identify other multiples of 90°
Identify, describe and represent the position of a shape following a reflection or translation
Describe positions on a 2–D co-ordinate grid using axes with equal scales in the first quadrant (in the context of number or geometry) and use co-ordinates to complete a given rectangle; becoming more confident in all four quadrants

Statistics

Complete, read and interpret information presented in tables and bar charts (e.g. find the difference between two bars showing temperatures, where one is 20°C and the other is 13°C, on a scale labelled in multiples of 5)
Interpret line graphs (e.g. beginning to find the difference between two temperatures on a line graph, where one is 20°C and the other is 13°C, on a scale labelled in multiples of 5) and simple pie charts (e.g. a pie chart cut into eight pieces for favourite fruit using whole numbers for each section)
Calculate the mean as an average for simple sets of discrete data (e.g. find the mean mass of three parcels weighing 5kg, 3kg and 10kg)

Solving problems and reason mathematically

Develop their own strategies to solve problems by applying their mathematics to a variety of routine and non-routine problems, in a range of contexts (including money and measures, geometry and statistics) using the content described above
Begin to reason mathematically making simple generalisations, using mathematical language and searching for solutions by trying out ideas of their own
Use and interpret mathematical symbols and diagrams, and present information and results in a clear and organised way; for example:
- derive strategies to solve problems with two or three computational steps using addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and a combination of these (e.g. extract and add prices from a table and calculate change, or solve problems such as ‘Jason bought some bags of green apples (6 for 75p) and some bags of red apples (10 for 90p). He spent £4.20. How many bags of each type of apples did he buy?’)
- solve problems involving numbers with up to two decimal places (e.g. find the two numbers which sum to 10 from this list: 0.01, 0.11, 1.01, 9.09, 9.9, 9.99)
- select appropriate strategies when calculating depending on the numbers involved
- use rounding and estimation to check their answers and determine, in the context of the problem, appropriate levels of accuracy
- identify simple patterns and relationships, and make simple generalisations. They can draw their own conclusions and explain their reasoning in simple contexts using mathematical language (e.g. an explanation to satisfy statements such as ‘If you add a two-digit number to a two-digit number you cannot get a four-digit number’